Pangolins also referred to as- scaly anteaters, are one of the most trafficked animals in the world. A pangolin’s body is covered with scales ( made of keratin) to protect them from the predators in the forests. They are often mistaken for reptiles due to their scaly appearance. But, pangolins are mammals that show nocturnal behavior, implying they sleep throughout the day and hunt during the night. Their diet mainly includes termites and ants. Their well-developed sense of smell makes it easier for them to prey. These scaly animals are capable enough to climb trees and swim through rivers. They are 60-70 cm long and weigh about 9-18 kg. Its Scientific Name is Manis crassicaudata. This glorious creature has the extraordinary ability to change its scales color according to the color of the surroundings around it. Their safety is in jeopardy due to high rates of deforestation and poaching. Pangolins have been in high demand in the international markets for their scales and meat throughout Asia. Mainly, in countries like China, Thailand, Vietnam, etc. 

There are eight species of pangolins, and all are listed as threatened with extinction. Four pangolin species live in Asia. Two major species of pangolins are found in India: Indian Pangolin and Chinese Pangolin. The Indian Pangolins are found all across the country. Whereas, the latter is spotted only in the northeastern parts of the country. The Chinese species has noticeably smaller scales than the Indian pangolins. Predators like big cats may struggle to catch pangolins. But, it is quite an easy task for the poachers who simply pick them up when they roll themselves into a ball as a protection mechanism. These poor animals are then boiled in hot water to separate the scales from their body.

These scales are used to make accessories and pieces of armors in ancient times. People think these items symbolize royalty and high status. But, what they truly showcase is violence and brutality. Their meat is not only consumed as a source of protein. But is known to have great medicinal significance in Asian Sub-continent. This is why The Indian pangolins are trafficked across the world in the international market in greed for large sums of money. 

Today, The IUCN Red List lists all eight species of pangolins, with categories ranging from Vulnerable to Critically Endangered. The researches and statistics clearly show that the population of all the species is rapidly declining. Today, Pangolins are regarded as the most trafficked animals in the world and account for as much as twenty percent of the illegal wildlife trade in the world. Nucleic acid sequences of viruses collected from pangolins were initially determined to be a 99 percent match with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, during the 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic.

Before infecting humans, the virus was thought to have originated in bats, with pangolins serving as an intermediary host. The illegal pangolin trade in China has been considered as a possible vector for human transmission. After, it was discovered that the 99 percent match did not apply to the full-genome. But, rather to a particular location known as the receptor-binding domain, pangolins were subsequently ruled out as the definitive source of (SARS-CoV-2) (RBD). The Ecologists were concerned that early suspicion that pangolins were the cause could have resulted in indiscriminate slaughter, further harming the species. Governments and non-governmental organizations have launched a variety of conservation efforts in various parts of the world, with differing degrees of success. Since, 2014, 15th February has also been declared as World Pangolin Day to spread awareness regarding the conservation of this magnificent animal. Strict laws need to be imposed on the poachers. If we don’t come forward to raise our voices to safeguard this rare wonderous creature then it might lead to its extinction. These conservation activities can benefit from public knowledge and support, which can help them succeed.

If you have any queries related to this blog, type your question in the comment section. Team Desiwoof would love to help you out!